小学英语语法：分词的时态、语态

　　分词的时态

　　1）与主语动词同时

　　Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.

　　听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。

　　Arriving there, they found the boy dead.

　　刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。

　　典型例题

　　The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.

　　A. to prepare　 B. preparing　 C. prepared　 D. was preparing

　　答案B. 此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。

　　2）先于主动词

　　While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg.

　　在花园里散步时他伤了腿。

　　分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。

　　Having finished his homework, he went out.=As he had finished his homework, he went out.

　　做完作业后，他出去了。

　　典型例题

　　___ a reply, he decided to write again.

　　A. Not receiving　　B. Receiving not　 C. Not having received　 D. Having not received

　　答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.

　　分词的语态

　　1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：

　　He is the man giving you the money.　(= who gave you…)　他就是给你钱的那个人。

　　He is the man stopped by the car.　　( = who was stopped by…)

　　他就是那个被车拦住的人。

　　2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生

　　gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned

　　例: a well-read person.　　一个读过许多书的人

　　a much-travelled may　一个去过许多地方的人

　　a burnt-out match　　 烧完了的火柴

　　点击查看更多：更多语法知识

　　奥数网提醒：

小学数学题、单元测试、课本同步试题

尽在“奥数网”微信公众号